Hence, triers of fact are frequently being asked to base their legal decisions on the memories of alleged victims. Criminal proceedings often boil down to the reliability of such statements because objective forensic (e.g., physical) evidence is often lacking in these cases. From a legal standpoint, the issue of false memories is especially pertinent because victims (e.g., of sexual abuse) who provide statements to the police often suffer from psychopathological disorders such as PTSD or depression (e.g., Bifulco, Brown, & Adler, 1991 Kiser, Heston, Millsap, & Pruitt, 1991). Such dialogues may serve as fertile ground for false memories of, for example, childhood sexual abuse ( Loftus, 2005), which in turn might lead to false accusations. In clinical settings, individuals with PTSD or depression may seek an explanation for their complaints and therapists might ask them to retrieve childhood memories ( Patihis, Ho, Tingen, Lilienfeld, & Loftus, 2014). Spreading activation theorists would argue not only that this network will produce true negative memories more easily than neutral or positive memories, but also that it will more readily generate false negative memories ( Howe, Wimmer, Gagnon, & Plumpton, 2009). Such a network may contain densely intertwined and well-integrated negative memories that are strongly connected and easily activated and retrieved. ![]() ![]() For example, the fact that people with depression are most likely to retrieve emotionally negative experiences may reflect an elaborated underlying memory network. This gap in the literature is peculiar given that the mechanisms that affect correct remembering can, in principle, also affect susceptibility to false memories. The bulk of this research has been concerned with the amount of information that can be correctly remembered ( Koriat, Goldsmith, & Pansky, 2000) thereby neglecting false memories ( Hertel & Brozovich, 2010). It is not surprising that many studies have focused on the links among PTSD, depression, and memory. ![]() For example, individuals with these disorders tend to recollect emotionally negative experiences better than emotionally positive events ( Mathews & MacLeod, 2005) and can exhibit overgeneral memories ( Ono, Devilly, & Shum, 2016). Memory aberrations are notable characteristics of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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